Je voudrais faire avancer les fil ici et souligner que les chrétiens qui assistèrent à la destruction de Baghdad le virent comme une intervention divine de leur Dieu, et ne virent alors pas le côté bouddhiste de Houlagou.
J'inclus un extrait de René Grousset (en anglais - pouvez-vous trouver le français ?) qui décrit comment Houlagou était bouddhiste mais aimait les chrétiens. Cet amour fit des chrétiens donc des complices objectifs des mongols en détruisant Baghdad et aussi Grousset montre que les musulmans aussi l'aidèrent dans sa tache, tout comme les hindous de son armée qui était énorme, la plus grande jamais réunie par le tout mongol (ceci est expliqué dans le lien suivant ici : ).
Ensuite j'inclus un extrait qui montre clairement que cette destruction de Baghdad fut la pire que l'Islam expérimenta parce qu'elle ne s'en releva pas.
René Grousset >: From: René Grousset, “The empire of the Steppes, a History of Central Asia”
Rutgers U. Press, New Brunwick, 1970
Translated from the French
Pages: 353 – 358
>HULAGU'S REIGN: DESTRUCTION OF THE ASSASSINS, CONQUEST
OF BAGHDAD, AND ANNIHILATION OF THE CALIPHATE
Not until twenty years after their conquest of Persia did the
Mongols think of putting an end to their provisional regime
there and to the dual form of government (the purely military
rule in Arran and Mugan and the fiscal administration of
Khurasan and Iraq 'Ajami) by superimposing a regular political
power. At the quriltai of 1251, the grand khan Mongka decided
to give the viceroyalty of Iran to his younger brother Hulagu.....(Rappelons-nous que Mongka était le grand khan et un fervent boudhdiste disciple des Drigung Kagyus du Tibet, tout comme Houlagou)
(coupé)
...HULAGU'S SYMPATHY WITH CHRISTIANITY
To the eastern Christians the capture of Baghdad by the Mongols
seemed like divine retribution. Moreover, the Mongols, whose
ranks included many Nestorians, such as the Naiman Kitbuqa
(to say nothing of the Georgian auxiliaries led by Hasan Brosh,
the Armeno-Georgian prince of Kakhetia), consistently spared
the Christian elements in Baghdad at the time of the sack. The
Armenian chronicler Kirakos of Ganja writes: "At the capture
of Baghdad, Hulagu's wife Doquz-khatun, who was a Nestorian,
spoke on behalf of the Christians of the Nestorian or any other
confession, and interceded for their lives. Hulagu spared them
and allowed them to keep all their possessions." 32 In fact, as
Vartan confirms, at the time of the assault the Christians of
Baghdad shut themselves up in a church by order of the Nestorian
patriarch Makikha, and the Mongols spared both church and
flock.33 Hulagu even gave the patriarch Makikha one of the
caliphal palaces: that of the little dewatdar or vice-chancellor.34
The Armenian Kirakos of Ganja has spoken of the joy and
even triumph of all these eastern Christians at the fall of Baghdad.
"Five hundred and fifteen years had passed since the founding
of this city. Throughout its supremacy, like an insatiable leech,
it had swallowed up the entire world. Now it restored all that
had been taken. It was punished for the blood it had shed and
the evil it had done; the measure of its iniquity was full. The
Muslim tyranny had lasted 647 years." 35
In the eyes of the Nestorians too, and of the Syrian Jacobites
and Armenians, the terrible Mongols appeared as the avengers
of oppressed Christendom, as providential saviors who had come
from the depths of the Gobi to attack Islam in the rear and
shake it to its foundations. Who could have imagined that those
humble Nestorian missionaries who in the seventh century
left Seleucia on the Tigris, or Beit Abe, to spread the Gospel
in the bleak lands of eastern Turkestan and Mongolia would
sow the seed of so great a harvest? 36
The favor enjoyed by the Christians within Hulagu's sphere
of influence was largely due, as noted, to his chief wife, Doquz-
khatun. She was a Kerayit princess, the niece of the last Kerayit
king, the Wang-khan Togrul.37 Mongka, who greatly respected
her wisdom, had advised Hulagu to consult her in his affairs.38
"As the Kerayit had long ago embraced Christianity," writes
Rashid ad-Din, "Doquz-khatun made it her constant care to
protect Christians, and throughout her lifetime they prospered.
To please his princess, Hulagu heaped favors upon them and
gave them every token of his regard, so that all over his realm
new churches were continually being built, and at the gate of
Doquz-khatun's ordu there was always a chapel, where bells
were rung."39 The Armenian monk Vartan confirms this: "The
Mongols of Persia carried with them a canvas tent in the shape
of a church. The jamahar [rattle] called the faithful to prayer.
The offices of Mass were celebrated every day by priests and
deacons. Here ecclesiastics drawn from among Christians of
every language could live in tranquillity. Having come to ask
for peace, they obtained it, and returned home with gifts."40
Doquz-khatun's niece Tuqiti-khatun, who was also a wife of
Hulagu, was no less devoted to Nestorian Christianity.
With Doquz-khatun it was more than a matter of ancestral
tradition. Vartan the monk, who was in her confidence, says:
"She hoped to see Christianity increase in luster, and its every
advance is to be attributed to her." Hulagu, although himself a
Buddhist, shared this sympathy, and nothing is more significant
of this than the continuation of Vartan's account. "In 1264, the il-
khan Hulagu summoned us: myself, the vartabeds Sarkis [Serge]
and Krikor [Gregory], and Avak the priest of Tiflis. We arrived
in the presence of this powerful monarch at the beginning of
the Tatar year, in July, the time of the quriltai. When we were
admitted to the presence of Hulagu, we were excused from bend-
ing the knee and prostrating ourselves according to Tatar eti-
quette, since Christians bow only to God. They bade us bless
the wine, and received it at our hands. Hulagu said to me: 'I
have summoned you that you might learn to know me and
that with all your heart you may pray for me.' After we were
seated, the brethren who had accompanied me sang hymns.
The Georgians celebrated their office and so did the Syrians and
the Greeks. The il-khan said to me: 'These monks have come
from everywhere to visit me and bless me. This is proof that
God is inclined in my favor.'"41 Hulagu once spoke to Vartan
in memory of his mother, the Nestorian Sorghaqtani: "One day
he caused all the people of his court to withdraw and, attended
by two persons only, he conversed with me at length upon the
events of his life and childhood and upon his mother, who was
a Christian." Hulagu himself never embraced Christianity. We
know that he remained a Buddhist, and was in particular a
' devotee of the boddhisattva Maitreya in particular. But his
Iranian kingdom included no Buddhists, whereas Christians—
whether Nestorian, Jacobite, Armenian, or Georgian—were nu-
merous, and it was natural that in the absence of his own
coreligionaries he should favor those of his mother and of his
wife. During the interview he granted to the monk Vartan, he
owned that his sympathy with Christianity had begun to create
a rift between himself and his cousins the Jenghiz-Khanite khans
of southern Russia and Turkestan (the Kipchak and Jagatai
khanates): "We love the Christians," Vartan reports, "while they
[his cousins] favor Muslims." ">
Extrait sur la destruction de Baghdad qui ruina l'Islam :
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Baghdad_(1258)
>"Iraq in 1258 was very different from present day Iraq. Its agriculture was supported by a canal network thousands of years old. Baghdad was one of the most brilliant intellectual centers in the world. The Mongol destruction of Baghdad was a psychological blow from which Islam never recovered. Already Islam was turning inward, becoming more suspicious of conflicts between faith and reason and more conservative. With the sack of Baghdad, the intellectual flowering of Islam was snuffed out. Imagining the Athens of Pericles and Aristotle obliterated by a nuclear weapon begins to suggest the enormity of the blow. The Mongols filled in the irrigation canals and left Iraq too depopulated to restore them." (Steven Dutch)>